环境保护法

基本解释

 　　调整因保护环境和自然资源、防治污染和其他公害而产生的各种社会关系的法律规范的总称。

详细解释

 　　环境保护法(environment protection law)

　　定义

　　18世纪末19世纪初的产业革命，使社会生产力大发展，也使大气污染和水污染日趋严重。20世纪后，化学和石油工业的发展对环境的污染更为严重。一些国家先后采取立法措施，以保护人类赖以生存的生态环境。一般先是地区性立法，后发展成全国性立法，其内容最初只限于工业污染，后来发展为全面的环境保护立法。随着全球性的环境污染和破坏的发生，国际环境法应运而生。

　　中国非常重视环境保护立法工作。《中华人民共和国宪法》明确规定：“国家保护和改善生活环境和生态环境，防治污染和其他公害。”《中华人民共和国刑法》将严重危害自然环境、破坏野生动植物资源的行为定为危害公共安全罪和破坏社会主义经济秩序罪。1979年，全国人民代表大会常务委员会通过并颁布了 《中华人民共和国环境保护法(试行)》。自1982年以后，全国人民代表大会常务委员会先后通过了《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》、《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》和《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》。1989年12月26日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议通过了《中华人民共和国环境保护法》。另外，国务院还颁布了一系列保护环境、防止污染及其他公害的行政法规。

　　《中华人民共和国环境保护法》

　　《中华人民共和国环境保护法》共6章，包括总则，环境监督管理，保护和改善环境，防治环境污染和其他公害，法律责任和附则。主要内容有：①适用范围包括：大气、水、海洋、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、野生生物、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。该法规定应防治的污染和其他公害有：废气、废水、废渣、粉尘、恶臭气体、放射性物质以及噪声、振动、电磁波辐射等。②通过规定排污标准，建立环境监测、防污设施建设三同时，交纳超标准排污费等制度，保护和改善生活环境与生态环境，防治污染和其他公害。

　　中华人民共和国环境保护法

　　颁布机关：全国人民代表大会常务委员会

　　颁布时间：1989-12-26

　　实施时间：1989-12-26

　　发文文号：中华人民共和国主席令第22号

　　时 效 性：有效

　　《中华人民共和国环境保护法》已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议于1989年12月26日通过，现予公布，自公布之日施行。

　　中华人民共和国主席 杨尚昆

　　一九八九年十二月二十六日

　　第一章 总则

　　第一条

　　为保护和改善生活环境与生态环境，防治污染和其他公害，保障人体健康，促进社会主义现代化建设的发展，制定本法。

　　第二条

　　本法所称环境，是指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然的和经过人工改造的自然因素的总体，包括大气、水、海洋、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、野生生物、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。

　　第三条

　　本法适用于中华人民共和国领域和中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域。

　　第四条

　　国家制定的环境保护规划必须纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，国家采取有利于环境保护的经济、技术政策和措施，使环境保护工作同经济建设和社会发展相协调。

　　第五条

　　国家鼓励环境保护科学教育事业的发展，加强环境保护科学技术的研究和开发，提高环境保护科学技术水平，普及环境保护的科学知识。

　　第六条

　　一切单位和个人都有保护环境的义务，并有权对污染和破坏环境的单位和个人进行检举和控告。

　　第七条

　　国务院环境保护行政主管部门，对全国环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。

　　县级以上地方人民政府环境保护行政主管部门，对本辖区的环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。

　　国家海洋行政主管部门、港务监督、渔政、渔港监督、军队环境保护部门和各级公安、交通、铁道、民航管理部门，依照有关法律的规定对环境污染防治实施监督管理。

　　县级以上人民政府的土地、矿产、林业、农业、水利行政主管部门，依照有关法律的规定对资源的保护实施监督管理。

　　第八条

　　对保护和改善环境有显著成绩的单位和个人，由人民政府给予奖励。

　　第二章 环境监督管理

　　第九条

　　国务院环境保护行政主管部门制定国家环境质量标准。

　　省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对国家环境质量标准中未作规定的项目，可以制定地方污染物排放标准;并报国务院环境保护行政主管部门备案。

　　第十条

　　国务院环境保护行政主管部门根据国家环境质量标准和国家经济、技术条件，制定国家污染排放标准。

　　省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对国家污染物排放标准中未作规定的项目，可以制定地方污染物排放标准;对国家污染物排放标准中已作规定的项目，可以制定严于国家污染物排放标准的地方污染物排放标准。地方污染物排放标准须报国务院环境保护行政主管部门备案。

　　凡是向已有地方污染物排放标准的区域排放污染物的，应当执行地方污染物排放标准。

　　第十一条

　　国务院环境保护行政主管部门建立监测制度，制定监测规范，会同有关部门，组织监测网络，加强对环境监测的管理。

　　国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的环境保护行政主管部门，应当定期发布环境状况公报。

　　第十二条

　　县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门，应当会同有关部门对管辖范围内的环境状况进行调查和评价，拟定环境保护规划，经计划部门综合平衡后，报同级人民政府批准实施。

　　第十三条

　　建设污染环境的项目，必须遵守国家有关建设项目环境保护管理的规定。

　　建设项目的环境影响报告书，必须对建设项目产生的污染和对环境的影响作出评价，规定防治措施，经项目主管部门预审并依照规定的程序报环境保护行政主管部门批准。环境影响报告书经批准后，计划部门方可批准建设项目设计任务书。

　　第十四条

　　县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门;有权对管辖范围内的排污单位进行现场检查。被检查的单位应当如实反映情况，提供必要的资料。检查机关应当为检查的单位保守技术秘密和业务秘密。

　　第十五条

　　跨行政区的环境污染和环境破坏的防治工作，由有关地方人民政府协商解决，或者由上级人民政府协调解决，作出决定。

　　第三章 保护和改善环境

　　第十六条 地方各级人民政府，应当对本辖区的环境质量负责，采取措施改善环境质量。

　　第十七条 各级人民政府对具有代表性各种类型的自然生态系统区域，珍稀、濒危的野生动植物自然分布区域，重要的水源涵养区域，具有重大科学文化价值的地质构造、著名溶洞和化石分布区、冰川、火山、温泉等自然遗迹，以及人文遗迹、古树名木，应当采取措施加以保护;严禁破坏。

　　第十八条 在国务院、国务院有关主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府划定的风景名胜区、自然保护区和其他需要特别保护的区域内，不得建设污染环境的工业生产设施;建设其他设施，其污染物排放不得超过规定的排放标准。已经建成的设施，其污染物排放超过规定的排放标准的，限期治理。

　　第十九条 开发利用自然资源，必须采取措施保护生态环境。

　　第二十条 各级人民政府应当加强对农业环境的保护，防治土壤污染、土地沙化、渍化、贫瘠化、沼泽化、地面沉降和防治植被破坏、水土流失、水源枯竭、种源灭绝以及其他生态失调现象的发生和发展，推广植物病虫害的综合防治，合理使用化肥、农药及植物生长激素。

　　第二十一条 国务院和沿海地方各级人民政府应当加强对海洋环境的保护。向海洋排放污染物、倾倒废弃物，进行海岸工程建设和海洋石油勘探开发，必须依照法律的规定，防止对海洋环境的污染等。

　　第二十二条 制定城市规划，应当确定保护和改善环境的目标和任务。

　　第二十三条 城乡建设应当结合当地自然环境的特点，保护植被、水域或自然景观，加强城市园林、绿地和风景名胜区的建设。

　　第四章 防治环境污染和其他公害

　　第二十四条 产生环境污染和其他公害的单位，必须把环境保护工作纳入计划，建立环境保护责任制度;采取有效措施，防治在生产建设或者其他活动中产生的废气、废水、废渣、粉尘、恶臭气体、放射性物质以及噪声、振动、电磁波辐射等对环境的污染和危害。

　　第二十五条 新建工业企业和现有工业企业的技术改造，应当采用资源利用率高、污染物排放量少的设备和工艺，采用经济合理的废弃物综合利用技术和污染物处理技术。

　　第二十六条 建设项目中防治污染的设施，必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产使用。防治污染的设施必须经原审批环境影响报告书的环境保护行政主管部门验收合格后，该建设项目方可投入生产或者使用。

　　防治污染的设施不得擅自拆除或者闲置，确有必有拆除或者闲置的，必须征得所在地的环境保护行政主管部门同意。

　　第二十七条 排放污染物的企业事业单位，必须依照国务院环境保护行政主管部门的规定申报登记。

　　第二十八条 排放污染物超过国家或者地方规定的污染物排放标准的企业事业单位，依照国家规定缴纳超标准排污费，并负责治理。水污染防治法另有规定的，依照水污染防治法的规定执行。

　　征收的超标准排污费必须用于污染的防治，不得挪作他用，具体使用办法由国务院规定。

　　第二十九条 对造成环境严重污染的企业事业单位，限期治理。

　　中央或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府直接管辖的企业事业单位的限期治理，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府决定。市、县或者市、县以下人民政府管辖的企业事业单位的限期治理，由市、县人民政府决定。被限期治理的企业事业单位必须如期完成治理任务。

　　第三十条 禁止引进不符合我国环境保护规定要求的技术和设备。

　　第三十一条 因发生事故或者其他突然性事件，造成或者可能造成污染事故的单位，必须立即采取措施处理，及时通报可能受到污染危害的单位和居民，并向当地环境保护行政主管部门和有关部门报告，接受调查处理。

　　可能发生重大污染事故的企业事业单位，应当采取措施，加强防范。

　　第三十二条 县级以上地方人民政府环境保护行政主管部门，在环境受到严重污染威胁居民生命财产安全时，必须立即向当地人民政府报告，由人民政府采取有效措施，解除或者减轻危害。

　　第三十三条 生产、储存、运输、销售、使用有毒化学物品和含有放射性物质的物品，必须遵守国家有关规定，防止污染环境。

　　第三十四条 任何单位不得将产生严重污染的生产设备转移给没有污染防治能力的单位使用。

　　第五章 法律责任

　　第三十五条 违反本法规定，有下列行为之一的，环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门可以根据不同情节，给予警告或者处以罚款：

　　(一)拒绝环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门现场检查或者在被检查时弄虚作假的;

　　(二)拒报或者谎报国务院环境保护行政主管部门规定的有关污染物排放申报事项的;

　　(三)不按国家规定缴纳超标准排污费的;

　　(四)引进不符合我国环境保护规定要求的技术和设备的;

　　(五)将产生严重污染的生产设备转移给没有污染防治能力的单位使用的。

　　第三十六条 建设项目的防治污染设施没有建成或者没有达到国家规定的要求，投入生产或者使用的，由批准该建设项目的环境影响报告书的环境保护行政主管部门责令停止生产或者使用，可以并处罚款。

　　第三十七条 未经环境保护行政主管部门同意，擅自拆除或者闲置防治污染的设施，污染物排放超过规定的排放标准的，由环境保护行政主管部门责令重新安装使用，并处罚款。

　　第三十八条 对违反本法规定，造成环境污染事故的企业事业单位，由环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门。根据所造成的危害后果处以罚款;情节较重的，对有关责任人员由其所在单位或者政府主管机关给予行政处分。

　　第三十九条 对限期治理逾期未完成治理的企业事业单位，除依照国家规定加收超标准排污费外，可以根据所造成危害后果处以罚款，或者责令停业、关闭。

　　前款规定的罚款由环境保护行政主管部门决定。责令停业、关闭，由作出限期治理决定的的人民政府决定;责令中央直接管辖的企业事业单位停业、关闭，须报国务院批准。

　　第四十条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的，可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内，向作出处罚决定的机关的上一级机关申请复议;以复议决定不服的，可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内，向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议、也不向人民法院起诉、又不履行处罚决定的，由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。

　　第四十一条 造成环境污染危害的，有责任排除危害，并对直接受到损害的单位或者个人赔偿损失。

　　赔偿责任和赔偿金额的纠纷，可以根据当事人的请求，由环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照省委规定行使环境监督管理权的部门处理;当事人对处理决定不服的。可以向人民法院起诉。当事人也可以直接向人民法院直起诉。

　　完全由于不可抗拒的自然灾害，并经及时采取合理措施，仍然不能避免造成环境污染损害的，免予承担责任。

　　第四十二条 因环境污染损害赔偿提起诉讼的时效期间为三年，从当事人知道或者应当知道受到污染损害时起计算。

　　第四十三条 违反本法规定，造成重大环境污染事故，导致公私财产重大损失或者人身伤亡的严重后果的，对直接责任人员追究刑事责任。

　　第四十四条 违反本法规定，造成土地、森林、草原、水、矿产、渔业、野生动植物等资源的破坏的，依照有关法律的规定承担法律责任。

　　第四十五条 环境保护监督管理人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，由其所在单位或者上级主管机关给予行政处分，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

　　第六章 附则

　　第四十六条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的与环境保护有关的国际条约，同中华人民共和国的法律有不同规定的，适用国际条约的规定，但中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。

　　第四十七条 本法自公布之日起施行。《中华人民共和国环境保护法(试行)》同时废止。

　　环境保护的基本方针、政策和原则;对自然资源的保护;对污染和其他公害的防治;保护环境和防治污染的法律制度;各种环境质量标准和排放标准及违反环境保护法应承担的法律责任;执法机构和诉讼程序。

　　英文本

　　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

　　Important Notice: (注意事项)

　　英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).

　　当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.

　　This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE

　　PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)

　　which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State

　　Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China

　　Legal System Publishing House.

　　In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

　　Whole Document (法规全文)

　　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

　　(Adopted at the 11th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the

　　Seventh National People's Congress on December 26, 1989, promulgated by

　　Order No. 22 of the President of the People's Republic of China on

　　December 26, 1989, and effective on the date of promulgation)

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Supervision and Management of the Environment

　　Chapter III Protection and Improvement of the Environment

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution and Other

　　Public Hazards

　　Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1

　　This Law is formulated for the purpose of protecting and improving

　　people's environment and the ecological environment, preventing and

　　controlling pollution and other public hazards, safeguarding human health

　　and facilitating the development of socialist modernization.

　　Article 2

　　"Environment" as used in this Law refers to the total body of all natural

　　elements and artificially transformed natural elements affecting human

　　existence and development, which includes the atmosphere, water, seas,

　　land, minerals, forests, grasslands, wildlife, natural and human remains,

　　nature reserves, historic sites and scenic spots, and urban and rural

　　areas.

　　Article 3

　　This Law shall apply to the territory of the People's Republic of China

　　and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of

　　China.

　　Article 4

　　The plans for environmental protection formulated by the state must be

　　incorporated into the national economic and social development plans; the

　　state shall adopt economic and technological policies and measures

　　favourable for environmental protection so as to coordinate the work of

　　environmental protection with economic construction and social

　　development.

　　Article 5

　　The state shall encourage the development of education in the science of

　　environmental protection, strengthen the study and development of the

　　science and technology of environmental protection, raise the scientific

　　and technological level of environmental protection and popularize

　　scientific knowledge of environmental protection.

　　Article 6

　　All units and individuals shall have the obligation to protect the

　　environment and shall have the right to report on or file charges against

　　units or individuals that cause pollution or damage to the environment.

　　Article 7

　　The competent department of environmental protection administration under

　　the State Council shall conduct unified supervision and management of the

　　environmental protection work throughout the country.

　　The competent departments of environmental protection administration of

　　the local people's governments at or above the county level shall conduct

　　unified supervision and management of the environmental protection work

　　within areas under their jurisdiction. The state administrative

　　department of marine affairs, the harbour superintendency administration,

　　the fisheries administration and fishing harbour superintendency agencies,

　　the environmental protection department of the armed forces and the

　　administrative departments of public security, transportation, railways

　　and civil aviation at various levels shall, in accordance with the

　　provisions of relevant laws, conduct supervision and management of the

　　prevention and control of environmental pollution. The competent

　　administrative departments of land, minerals, forestry, agriculture and

　　water conservancy of the people's governments at or above the county level

　　shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, conduct

　　supervision and management of the protection of natural resources.

　　Article 8

　　The people's government shall give awards to units and individuals that

　　have made outstanding achievements in protecting and improving the

　　environment.

　　Chapter II Supervision and Management of the Environment

　　Article 9

　　The competent department of environmental protection administration under

　　the State Council shall establish the national standards for environment

　　quality. The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and

　　municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their

　　local standards for environment quality for items not specified in the

　　national standards for environment quality and shall report them to the

　　competent department of environmental protection administration under the

　　State Council for the record.

　　Article 10

　　The competent department of environmental protection administration under

　　the State Council shall, in accordance with the national standards for

　　environment quality and the country's economic and technological

　　conditions, establish the national standards for the discharge of

　　pollutants.

　　The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and

　　municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their

　　local standards for the discharge of pollutants for items not specified in

　　the national standards; with regard to items already specified in the

　　national standards, they may set local standards which are more stringent

　　than the national standards and report the same to the competent

　　department of environmental protection administration under the State

　　Council for the record. Units that discharge pollutants in areas where

　　the local standards for the discharge of pollutants have been established

　　shall observe such local standards.

　　Article 11

　　The competent department of environmental protection administration under

　　the State Council shall establish a monitoring system, formulate the

　　monitoring norm and, in conjunction with relevant departments, organize a

　　monitoring network and strengthen the management of environmental

　　monitoring.

　　The competent departments of environmental protection administration under

　　the State Council and governments of provinces, autonomous regions and

　　municipalities directly under the Central Government shall regularly issue

　　bulletins on environmental situations.

　　Article 12

　　The competent departments of environmental protection administration of

　　the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in

　　conjunction with relevant departments, make an investigation and an

　　assessment of the environmental situation within areas under their

　　jurisdiction, draw up plans for environmental protection which shall,

　　subject to overall balancing by the department of planning, be submitted

　　to the people's government at the same level for approval before

　　implementation.

　　Article 13

　　Units constructing projects that cause pollution to the environment must

　　observe the state provisions concerning environmental protection for such

　　construction projects. The environmental impact statement on a

　　construction project must assess the pollution the projects is likely to

　　produce and its impact on the environment and stipulate the preventive and

　　curative measures; the statement shall, after initial examination by the

　　authorities in charge of the construction project, be submitted by

　　specified procedure to the competent department of environmental

　　protection administration for approval. The department of planning shall

　　not ratify the design plan descriptions of the construction project until

　　after the environmental impact statement on the construction project is

　　approved.

　　Article 14

　　The competent departments of environmental protection administration of

　　the people's governments at or above the county level or other departments

　　invested by law with power to conduct environmental supervision and

　　management shall be empowered to make on-site inspections of units under

　　their jurisdiction that discharge pollutants. The units being inspected

　　shall truthfully report the situation to them and provide them with the

　　necessary information. The inspecting authorities shall keep confidential

　　the technological know-how and business secrets of the units inspected.

　　Article 15

　　Work for the prevention and control of the environmental pollution and

　　damage that involve various administrative areas shall be conducted by the

　　relevant local people's governments through negotiation, or by decision of

　　the people's government at a higher level through mediation.

　　Chapter III Protection and Improvement of the Environment

　　Article 16

　　The local people's governments at various levels shall be responsible for

　　the environment quality of areas under their jurisdiction and take

　　measures to improve the environment quality.

　　Article 17

　　The people's governments at various levels shall take measures to protect

　　regions representing various types of natural ecological systems, regions

　　with a natural distribution of rare and endangered wild animals and

　　plants, regions where major sources of water are conserved, geological

　　structures of major scientific and cultural value, famous regions where

　　karst caves and fossil deposits are distributed, traces of glaciers,

　　volcanos and hot springs, traces of human history, and ancient and

　　precious trees. Damage to the above shall be strictly forbidden.

　　Article 18

　　Within the scenic spots or historic sites, nature reserves and other zones

　　that need special protection, as designated by the State Council, the

　　relevant competent department under the State Council, and the people's

　　governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly

　　under the Central Government, no industrial production installations that

　　cause environmental pollution shall be built; other installations to be

　　built in these areas must not exceed the prescribed standards for the

　　discharge of pollutants. If the installations that have been built

　　discharge more pollutants than are specified by the prescribed discharge

　　standards, such pollution shall be eliminated or controlled within a

　　prescribed period of time.

　　Article 19

　　Measures must be taken to protect the ecological environment while natural

　　resources are being developed or utilized.

　　Article 20

　　The people's governments at various levels shall provide better protection

　　for the agricultural environment by preventing and controlling soil

　　pollution, the desertification and alkalization of land, the

　　impoverishment of soil, the deterioration of land into marshes, earth

　　subsidence, the damage of vegetation, soil erosion, the drying up of

　　sources of water, the extinction of species and the occurrence and

　　development of other ecological imbalances, by extending the scale of a

　　comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests,

　　and by promoting a rational application of chemical fertilizers,

　　pesticides and plant growth hormone.

　　Article 21

　　The State Council and the people's governments at various levels in

　　coastal areas shall provide better protection for the marine environment.

　　The discharge of pollutants and the dumping of wastes into the seas, the

　　construction of coastal projects, and the exploration and exploitation of

　　offshore oil must be conducted in compliance with legal provisions so as

　　to guard against the pollution and damage of the marine environment.

　　Article 22

　　The targets and tasks for protecting and improving the environment shall

　　be defined in urban planning.

　　Article 23

　　In urban and rural construction, vegetation, waters and the natural

　　landscape shall be protected and attention paid to the construction of

　　gardens, green land and historic sites and scenic spots in the cities in

　　the light of the special features of the local natural environment.

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution and Other Public Hazards

　　Article 24

　　Units that cause environmental pollution and other public hazards shall

　　incorporate the work of environmental protection into their plans and

　　establish a responsibility system for environmental protection, and must

　　adopt effective measures to prevent and control the pollution and harms

　　caused to the environment by waste gas, waste water, waste residues, dust,

　　malodorous gases, radioactive substances, noise, vibration and

　　electromagnetic radiation generated in the course of production,

　　construction or other activities.

　　Article 25

　　For the technological transformation of newly-built industrial enterprises

　　and existing industrial enterprises, facilities and processes that effect

　　a high rate of the utilization of resources and a low rate of the

　　discharge of pollutants shall be used, along with economical and rational

　　technology for the comprehensive utilization of waste materials and the

　　treatment of pollutants.

　　Article 26

　　Installations for the prevention and control of pollution at a

　　construction project must be designed, built and commissioned together

　　with the principal part of the project. No permission shall be given for a

　　construction project to be commissioned or used, until its installations

　　for the prevention and control of pollution are examined and considered up

　　to the standard by the competent department of environmental protection

　　administration that examined and approved the environmental impact

　　statement. Installations for the prevention and control of pollution

　　shall not be dismantled or left idle without authorization. If it is

　　really necessary to dismantle such installations or leave them idle, prior

　　approval shall be obtained from the competent department of environmental

　　protection administration in the locality.

　　Article 27

　　Enterprises and institutions discharging pollutants must report to and

　　register with the relevant authorities in accordance with the provisions

　　of the competent department of environmental protection administration

　　under the State Council.

　　Article 28

　　Enterprises and institutions discharging pollutants in excess of the

　　prescribed national or local discharge standards shall pay a fee for

　　excessive discharge according to state provisions and shall assume

　　responsibility for eliminating and controlling the pollution. The

　　provisions of the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution shall

　　be complied with where they are applicable.

　　The income derived from the fee levied for the excessive discharge of

　　pollutants must be used for the prevention and control of pollution and

　　shall not be appropriated for other purposes. The specific measures

　　thereof shall be prescribed by the State Council.

　　Article 29

　　If an enterprise or institution has caused severe environmental pollution,

　　it shall be required to eliminate and control the pollution within a

　　certain period of time. For enterprises and institutions directly under

　　the jurisdiction of the Central Government or the people's government of a

　　province, an autonomous region, or a municipality directly under the

　　Central Government, the decision on a deadline for the elimination or

　　control of pollution shall be made by the people's government of the

　　province, autonomous region and the municipality directly under the

　　Central Government. For enterprises and institutions under the

　　jurisdiction of a people's government at or below the city or county

　　level, such decision shall be made by the people's government of the city

　　or county. Such enterprises and institutions shall accomplish the

　　elimination or control of pollution within the specified period of time.

　　Article 30

　　A ban shall be imposed on the importation of any technology or facility

　　that fails to meet the requirements specified in the regulations of our

　　country concerning environmental protection.

　　Article 31

　　Any unit that, as a result of an accident or any other exigency, has

　　caused or threatens to cause an accident of pollution, must promptly take

　　measures to prevent and control the pollution hazards, make the situation

　　known to such units and inhabitants as are likely to be endangered by such

　　hazards, report the case to the competent department of environmental

　　protection administration of the locality and the departments concerned

　　and accept their investigation and decision.

　　Enterprises and institutions that are likely to cause severe pollution

　　accidents shall adopt measures for effective prevention.

　　Article 32

　　If the safety of the lives and property of inhabitants is endangered by

　　severe environmental pollution, the competent department of environmental

　　protection administration of the local people's government at or above the

　　county level must promptly report to the local people's government. The

　　people's government concerned shall take effective measures to remove or

　　alleviate the hazard.

　　Article 33

　　The production, storage, transportation, sale and use of toxic chemicals

　　and materials containing radioactive substances must comply with the

　　relevant state provisions so as to prevent environmental pollution.

　　Article 34

　　No unit shall be permitted to transfer a production facility that causes

　　severe pollution for use by a unit that is unable to prevent and control

　　pollution.

　　Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Article 35

　　Any violator of this Law shall, according to the circumstances of the

　　case, be warned or fined by the competent department of environmental

　　protection administration or another department invested by law with power

　　to conduct environmental supervision and management for any of the

　　following acts:

　　(1) refusing an on-site inspection by the competent department of

　　environmental protection administration or another department invested by

　　law with power to conduct environmental supervision and management, or

　　resorting to trickery and fraud while undergoing inspection;

　　(2) refusing to report or submitting a false report on items for which

　　declaration is required by the competent department of environmental

　　protection administration under the State Council;

　　(3) failing to pay, as provided for by the state, the fee for the

　　excessive discharge of pollutants;

　　(4) importing technology or a facility that fails to meet the requirements

　　specified in the state provisions concerning environmental protection; or

　　(5) transferring a production facility that causes severe pollution for

　　use by a unit that is unable to prevent and control pollution.

　　Article 36

　　When a construction project is commissioned or put to use in circumstances

　　where facilities for the prevention and control of pollution either have

　　not been completed or fail to meet the requirements specified in state

　　provisions, the competent department of environmental protection

　　administration responsible for the approval of the environmental impact

　　statement on the construction project shall order the suspension of its

　　operations or use and may concurrently impose a fine.

　　Article 37

　　A unit which dismantles or leaves idle the installations for the

　　prevention and control of pollution without prior approval by the

　　competent department of environmental protection administration, thereby

　　discharging pollutants in excess of the prescribed discharge standards,

　　shall be ordered by the competent department of environmental protection

　　administration to set up the installations or put them to use again, and

　　shall concurrently be fined.

　　Article 38

　　An enterprise or institution which violates this Law, thereby causing an

　　environmental pollution accident, shall be fined by the competent

　　department of environmental protection administration or another

　　department invested by law with power to conduct environmental supervision

　　and management in accordance with the consequent damage; in a serious

　　case, the persons responsible shall be subject to administrative sanction

　　by the unit to which they belong or by the competent department of the

　　government.

　　Article 39

　　An enterprise or institution that has failed to eliminate or control

　　pollution by the deadline as required shall, as provided for by the state,

　　pay a fee for excessive discharge; in addition, a fine may be imposed on

　　it on the basis of the damage incurred, or the enterprise or institution

　　may be ordered to suspend its operations or close down. The fine as

　　specified in the preceding paragraph shall be decided by the competent

　　department of environmental protection administration. An order for the

　　suspension of operations or shut-down of an enterprise or institution

　　shall be issued by the people's government that set the deadline for the

　　elimination or control of pollution. An order for the suspension of

　　operations or shut-down of an enterprise or institution directly under the

　　jurisdiction of the Central Government shall be submitted to and approved

　　by the State Council.

　　Article 40

　　A party refusing to accept the decision on administrative sanction may,

　　within 15 days of receiving the notification on such a decision, apply for

　　reconsideration to the department next higher to the authorities that

　　imposed the sanction; if the party refuses to accept the decision of

　　reconsideration, it may, within 15 days of receiving the reconsideration

　　decision, bring a suit before a people's court. A party may also bring a

　　suit directly before a people's court within 15 days of receiving the

　　notification on the sanction. If, upon the expiration of this period, the

　　party has not applied for reconsideration or has neither brought a suit

　　before a people's court nor complied with the sanction, the authorities

　　that imposed the sanction may apply to the people's court for compulsory

　　enforcement.

　　Article 41

　　A unit that has caused an environmental pollution hazard shall have the

　　obligation to eliminate it and make compensation to the unit or individual

　　that suffered direct losses. A dispute over the liability to make

　　compensation or the amount of compensation may, at the request of the

　　parties, be settled by the competent department of environmental

　　protection administration or another department invested by law with power

　　to conduct environmental supervision and management. If a party refuses to

　　accept the decision on the settlement, it may bring a suit before a

　　people's court. The party may also directly bring a suit before the

　　people's court.

　　If environmental pollution losses result solely from irresistible natural

　　disasters which cannot be averted even after the prompt adoption of

　　reasonable measures, the party concerned shall be exempted from liability.

　　Article 42

　　The limitation period for prosecution with respect to compensation for

　　environmental pollution losses shall be three years, counted from the time

　　when the party becomes aware of or should become aware of the pollution

　　losses.

　　Article 43

　　If a violation of this Law causes a serious environmental pollution

　　accident, leading to the grave consequences of heavy losses of public or

　　private property or human injuries or deaths of persons, the persons

　　directly responsible for such an accident shall be investigated for

　　criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Article 44

　　Whoever, in violation of this Law, causes damage to natural resources like

　　land, forests, grasslands, water, minerals, fish, wild animals and wild

　　plants shall bear legal liability in accordance with the provisions of

　　relevant laws.

　　Article 45

　　Any person conducting supervision and management of environmental

　　protection who abuses his power, neglects his duty or engages in

　　malpractices for personal gains shall be given administrative sanction by

　　the unit to which he belongs or the competent higher authorities; if his

　　act constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal

　　responsibility according to law.

　　Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 46

　　If an international treaty regarding environmental protection concluded or

　　acceded to by the People's Republic of China contains provisions differing

　　from those contained in the laws of the People's Republic of China, the

　　provisions of the international treaty shall apply, unless the provisions

　　are ones on which the People's Republic of China has announced

　　reservations.

　　Article 47

　　This Law shall enter into force on the date of promulgation. The

　　Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (for Trial

　　Implementation) shall be abrogated therefrom.